Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-2001

Publication Title

Classical Philology

Volume

96

Issue

4

Pages

376-399

Publisher Name

The University of Chicago Press

Abstract

Roman arithmetic is a perennially troubling subject for both classicists and mathematicians. Scholars universally comment on the difficulty posed by Roman alphabetical notation both in expressing simple figures and in doing written calculations. For example, Lloyd Motz and Jefferson Weaver with exasperation ask, "How ... can anyone do any arithmetic with DCCCLXXXVIII, the Roman equivalent of 888?," and Florian Cajori concludes that the Romans must have resorted to the abacus in order to multiply a number like 723 (DCCXXIII) by 364 (CCCLXIV).' Yet our sources, literary and inscriptional, indicate that the Romans were capable of highly sophisticated calculations, and, of course, it is well recognized that they had great facility with the abacus and with finger reckoning. The arithmetic problems that appear in Latin literature have been treated in depth by only one author, Gottfried Friedlein (1866 and 1869). This is surprising because Latin literature provides a rich supply of material that deals with arithmetical problems and calculations. This paper will examine these materials in an attempt to determine, first, what the Romans actually did with their number system, and second, how the problems of arithmetic in classical literature were solved.

Comments

Author Posting © University of Chicago Press, 2001. This article is posted here by permission of the University of Chicago Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The article was published in Classical Philology, Volume 96, Issue 4, October 2001.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

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