Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2013
Publication Title
Development and Psychopathology
Volume
25
Abstract
Genetic factors can play a role in the multiple level of analyses approach to understanding the development of child psychology. The present study examined gene-environment correlations and Gene x Environment interactions for polymorphisms of three target genes, the serotonin transporter gene, the D4 dopamine reactor gene, and the monoamine oxidase A gene in relation to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and oppositional behavior. Saliva samples were collected from 175 non-Hispanic White, 4-year-old children. Psychosocial risk factors included socioeconomic status, life stress, caretaker depression, parental support, hostility, and scaffolding skills. In comparison with the short forms (s/s, s/l) of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic repeat, the long form (l/l) was associated with greater increases in symptoms of child depression and anxiety in interactions with caretaker depression, family conflict, and socioeconomic status. In boys, low-activity monoamine oxidase A gene was associated with increases in child anxiety and depression in interaction with caretaker depression, hostility, family conflict, and family stress. The results highlight the important of gene-environment interplay in the development of symptoms of child psychopathology in young children.
Recommended Citation
Lavigne, J.V., Herzing, L.B.K., Cook, E.H., LeBailly, S.A., Gouze, K.R., Hopkins, J., and Bryant, F.B. (2013). Gene x environment effects of serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D4, and monoamine oxidase A genes with contextual and parenting risk factors on symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, and depression in a community sample of 4-year-old children. Development and Psychopathology 25, 555-575.
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Copyright Statement
© Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Comments
Author Posting © 2013 Cambridge University Press. This article is posted here by permission of Cambridge University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The article was published in Development and Psychopathology 25:555-575, (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412001241