Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-2020
Publication Title
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems
Volume
26
Issue
1
Abstract
Embedded devices are generally small, battery-powered computers with limited hardware resources. It is difficult to run deep neural networks (DNNs) on these devices, because DNNs perform millions of operations and consume significant amounts of energy. Prior research has shown that a considerable number of a DNN’s memory accesses and computation are redundant when performing tasks like image classification. To reduce this redundancy and thereby reduce the energy consumption of DNNs, we introduce the Modular Neural Network Tree architecture. Instead of using one large DNN for the classifier, this architecture uses multiple smaller DNNs (called modules) to progressively classify images into groups of categories based on a novel visual similarity metric. Once a group of categories is selected by a module, another module then continues to distinguish among the similar categories within the selected group. This process is repeated over multiple modules until we are left with a single category. The computation needed to distinguish dissimilar groups is avoided, thus reducing redundant operations, memory accesses, and energy. Experimental results using several image datasets reveal the effectiveness of our proposed solution to reduce memory requirements by 50% to 99%, inference time by 55% to 95%, energy consumption by 52% to 94%, and the number of operations by 15% to 99% when compared with existing DNN architectures, running on two different embedded systems: Raspberry Pi 3 and Raspberry Pi Zero.
Identifier
10.1145/3408062
Recommended Citation
Abhinav Goel, Sara Aghajanzadeh, Caleb Tung, Shuo-Han Chen, George K. Thiruvathukal, and Yung-Hsiang Lu. 2020. Modular Neural Networks for Low-Power Image Classification on Embedded Devices. ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst. 26, 1, Article 1 (October 2020), 35 pages.
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© 2020 Association for Computing Machinery.